Shepherd dogs: breeds and features

For the protection of cows, pigs, sheep from predators, people have used smart and courageous dogs since ancient times. They performed their functions with the help of barking, running, eye contact with the flock. Initially, shepherd dogs were called sheepdogs. But later a special canine group was allocated.

History and purpose of breeding

The earliest herding dog breeds were bred by the nomadic peoples of Asia. They were huge and extremely ferocious. Later, shepherd dogs began to be bred in Europe: Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Great Britain. From powerful dogs, they gradually turned into smaller and friendlier ones, as they changed their profile. Dogs were first used to help shepherds in the 1570s. Their task was to manage the herd, protect against predators, serve as a companion for a shepherd or cattle breeder. From the XNUMXth century, wolves began to be shot everywhere in Europe, therefore, instead of guarding the herd, dogs began to be involved in protecting vegetable gardens from trampling down allotments by cattle.

General characteristics of the group of dogs

Shepherd dogs are extremely intelligent, active, positive and highly trainable. These animals feel great among people who love outdoor games, sports, walks, travel. They are excellent companions that blend into any family without any problems. This group of dogs is officially considered the most intellectually developed.

The most popular representatives of the group

According to the classification of the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, the first group “Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs other than Swiss Cattle Dogs” includes Sheepdogs and Briards, to which the Sennenhunds are added from the second group. The most prominent representatives of the herding group are the Australian, Central Asian, German Shepherd, Pyrenean Mountain Dog, Collie, Tibetan Mastiff, Australian Kelpie, Border Collie, Rottweiler, Swiss Mountain Dog, Flanders Bouvier, Sheltie, Welsh Corgi.

Appearance

Shepherd dogs are proportionately built and well developed physically. They are muscular, hardy, withstand heavy loads. They are generally medium to large sized dogs with a long, thick, shaggy coat with a dense undercoat that needs to be groomed.

Temperament

Despite the fact that many modern herding dogs have not seen any cows or sheep, they are easily trained, quick-witted, attentive, mobile and like to control everything. Often they use their skills with children by barking loudly, running around them, biting on their heels and mimicking herding. Dogs know their territory and begin to guard an apartment or house. And although these dogs have a hunting instinct, it does not prevail over the guard. They are energetic and able to perfectly overcome long distances. Various activities with the owner cause them a lot of pleasure and excitement. Usually shepherd dogs are affable and friendly to their own and wary of strangers.

Features of care

The best option for a dog to live in a house would be to allocate an observation post for it. You need to understand that the shepherd dog must keep the situation under control and be vigilant. Such dogs mature late and behave atypically until 3-4 years of age. They can growl at the guests, but one must understand that in this way they ask the host for help. The shepherd dog is especially attentive in the dark or fog. She is always on guard against strangers, so it is better to keep her on a leash during a walk. Gradual socialization is important for such a dog, starting from childhood. You need to play with her more often, stroke her and encourage her. In no case is it recommended to ignore the animal and wean it from the family.

Prevalence in the world and in Russia

One of the most popular herding breeds in Russia is the Caucasian Shepherd Dog, which today has become a service dog. Another devoted guard is the South Russian Shepherd Dog, which prefers to listen to only one owner. In the mountainous regions of the Middle East and Central Asia, in Europe, the USA and a number of African countries, shepherds and cattle breeders continue to use guard dogs. They protect livestock from predators.

Herding dogs need active, attentive and involved owners. With proper training and training, these animals make excellent pets.